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Belgium's largest wildfire in a century was brought "under control" Thursday after a seven-day fight involving hundreds of firefighters in the boggy terrain of the High Fens nature reserve.

"At this stage, the fire is now under control in its entirety and should no longer spread," barring a major change in weather conditions or other unforeseen factors, said the local governor's office.

The High Fens fire mushroomed over the weekend to half the size of Manhattan -- 3,000 hectares (7,500 acres) -- charring a huge expanse of peatland, pine trees and hiking trails.

Firefighters wrestled "numerous flare-ups" under control overnight, working in very difficult conditions as powerful winds buffeted the eastern region bordering Germany -- with a "mini-tornado" even striking a town outside the park.

But the governor's office said the fire was now fully contained on its western side, with operations continuing to the east to finish the job.

Seven aircraft from Germany, Norway, Belgium and Sweden were carrying out water drops in and around the burned perimeter where ground temperatures remained "extremely high".

Aerial support crews, grounded by bad weather earlier in the week, hoped to keep operating until nightfall, when civil protection drones would take over the task of monitoring for "potential flare-ups," the governor's statement said.

It could take weeks or even months of soaking and dousing to prevent the High Fens blaze from reigniting, since the peatland terrain means fire can keep burning underground and resurface in a phenomenon known as a "zombie fire".

The spongy, highly flammable, carbon-rich material formed by decomposing plant matter is an ideal fuel for buried embers, which can lie dormant until favourable conditions, such as wind and dry weather, allow them to reignite in broad daylight.

"Forest workers who know the area like the back of their hand reckon we'll be monitoring this smouldering fire in the ground at least until the end of autumn," Nicolas Yernaux, a spokesman for the regional authorities, said earlier this week.

Around 350 firefighters and other emergency personnel remain deployed in the effort, as do the many farmers who mobilised in support of the operation since last week.

But authorities have lifted all evacuation orders in the border region since Wednesday, allowing the residents of several Belgian hamlets and a town on the German border to return home.

Germany's contingent of firefighters will start pulling out later Thursday, to be offset with Belgian firefighters including volunteers, the governor's office said.

In another spot of good news, firefighters Thursday rescued from the heart of the fire zone a black grouse -- an endangered species, with only 14 males and four or five females remaining in Belgium.

- Climate debate -

Europe has been swept by weeks of devastating wildfires fuelled by dry conditions and a historically hot summer, with France, Greece, Portugal and Spain also battling major blazes.

Tackling the High Fens fire was made much harder by the fens' terrain -- a patchwork of heath, peat bogs and raised wooden boardwalks.

The blaze broke out for reasons still unknown in an area that was ravaged by massive fires in 1911, during a similar period of heatwaves.

It was the country's largest wildfire since.

The combined shock of the fire and back-to-back heatwaves has ignited a debate over whether Belgium is sufficiently prepared for the effects of climate change.

Interior Minister Bernard Quintin mounted a lengthy defence of the government's response during a grilling before the Belgian parliament on Thursday afternoon.

"We are facing risks that are becoming increasingly complex and potentially large-scale," he said, pledging a national resilience plan to address climate-related threats.

Opposition parties accuse the government of failing to allocate enough resources to tackling wildfires, noting that Belgium has no aerial firefighting capability of its own.

But the government rejects the criticism, arguing that it has invested in ground-based resources, which it says are more effective, and purchased helicopters for water-bombing operations, with deliveries of the aircraft under way.